my laptop battery

New energy vehicles still owe warm wind

Is being held in Guangzhou International Auto Show, the international brand, Laptop Battery its own brand cars have revealed that high-level enterprises, will speed up the pace into the South China market. There are tiger known as Guangzhou Automobile Group said it would defend the site. Is expected to Japanese cars in the South China region will face a fierce challenge to the dominant position.

Volkswagen blew into the South China South China, including battlefield Chongfeng Hao. In Guangzhou Motor Show, Volkswagen brought China Shanghai Volkswagen, FAW Volkswagen announced the "South China strategy." According to the plan, in 2018, Volkswagen's annual sales in southern China from the current 150,000 to upgrade to more than 50 million units, in the southern market share by 2008 of 12% to Volkswagen in China, the average market share of level, that is to upgrade to 17% to 20%.

It is from 2006 to 2009 in Guangzhou on the first three quarters of the amount of data cards, Japanese cars, American General, Department of the IBM Laptop Battery Department of Volkswagen's market share in Guangzhou were 40%, 5.8%, 10.3%. Japanese car prices, Toyota University, Department of Honda, Nissan sales department has consistently ranked in the top 5, and the market share rising.

And seems to have just realized that an important position in the public system in South China than General Motors has long start with. In recent years, Shanghai GM has frequently moved to the new car listing ceremony in Guangzhou, directly in the Japanese joint venture, the former stronghold of words against. Shanghai GM Buick marketing, Minister Shi Hong said, "South China market demand for a certain leader, representative, so we do customer interviews, market research, the South China will be special focus on market demand. Precisely because of this, Buick Regal and LaCrosse sedan take the lead in the introduction of high-end level of the front seat, previously basically only luxury cars have IBM ThinkPad T20 battery this feature. "

But holds the dominant position of the different attitudes of Japanese automobile enterprises. Toyota is still cautious, Toyota Motor's China president, said Kato, ya big, "2010, Toyota increased sales in China will slow to 14%, plans to sell 800,000, year on year increase of approximately 14%. 2009 sales in China is expected to grow 17% year on year. "However, FAW Toyota is located in the northern South China still intends to vigorously expand the market, FAW Toyota Motor Sales Co., Ltd. Director, Executive Vice President Tian said," South China FAW Toyota's sales accounted for the largest proportion of sales We have always attached great importance to the South China automotive market. the Guangzhou Auto Show, we brought all of its products, including upcoming new IBM ThinkPad X61 battery top-level configuration of the crown V8 4.3-liter version, wish to have more market share. "

Mitsubishi Motors (China) proposed by the arm of the core of the imported products, the joint venture vehicle southeast of the product war South. Guangzhou Auto Show, Mitsubishi Motors, general manager of China of rice Den rule that Mitsubishi will vigorously explore the future, including South China, including the Chinese market. Southeast Auto directors, deputy general manager Hiroshi Shō Tanabe said, "South China market will remain dominated by Japanese cars. In addition to sales volume outside the South China region and the most receptive to new products in the market, the South East of Mitsubishi cars in the future through international brands, independent brands Southeast to expand IBM ThinkPad T61 battery in South China market. "

Mercury-free batteries a difficult road 8 years behind the interests of the patent is invalid Game I believe attention to the cause of the development of China Battery readers still remembers how, early in 2006 in a remarkable message: IBM Laptop Battery After careful trial, the Beijing High Court on the new Leader Battery Co., Ltd v. National Patent Reexamination Board to make a final ruling that the case: the trial decision error of fact, the appellant the new Leader's main grounds of appeal set up to support his appeal request to revoke the first-instance ruling and the State Intellectual Property Office of Patent Reexamination Board's decision to maintain the name "mercury-free alkaline New Zealand-shaped batteries" , Patent No. 01,234,722.1 the utility model patent valid.
See the news readers sigh of relief, thinking that this means that in China, and the world the battery has an important significance in the history of mercury-free button the dust has settled patent ownership of China's mercury-free battery development will move toward a virtuous development.
However, the surprise is that this began in 2002, the final nail on the controversy over the end of 2005, but it is far from over, in the next four years, still in the endless continuity. 8 years, three lawsuits, two to reverse the verdict, but ultimately did not reach a conclusion, should have Laptop Battery the benefit of all inventions, but until now hanging in the air, not only failed to bring to the enterprise in the interests of the imagination, but will be a drag the burden of its development, the desolate Jiaoren Nankeyimeng can not help but distraught.
Why is a clear structure and determined that a clear, meaning an important inventions will lead to so many intertwined? What exactly has hidden behind this hidden secret that something?
Mercury-free batteries is very important to mankind, because of mercury products, including the threat of mercury batteries inside the health of people around the world. It is reported that a New Zealand-style micro-mercury alkaline batteries can be contaminated water is 600,000 liters, equivalent to the amount of drinking water a person's life. Although in 1995, the United States and Europe have issued a ban on the sale of mercury-containing batteries with the relevant provisions, clearly defined, alkaline zinc-manganese batteries can not be added mercury and mercury content of no more than 0.0005% of total cells, but because the world has no technology can produce mercury-free button batteries, button cells can only allow mercury content of no more than 2% of the total mass of IBM ThinkPad 240 battery the battery.
The export volume of China's battery has been for several years accounted for more than half of the total international battery. Keeping with international standards, in 1997 the Chinese government issued "on the limitation provisions of mercury batteries" and other series of measures. China's battery industry in a short span of two or three years, research on the adoption of technology to solve the mercury-free alkaline zinc-manganese batteries the issue. However, the face of ever-increasing amount of button batteries, the world without a corresponding solution.
In other countries, more than a decade in Japan and the United States, Europe and other well-known battery manufacturers of mercury-free button cell mercury-free overtaken by a large number of studies. However, there are technical problems are not resolved, there is no one company can successfully produce mercury-free alkaline button batteries, resulting in the global market has been the use of mercury-containing alkaline button batteries. Button cell 1 billion each year by the production and use, so that China and the rest of the world people are still faced with the danger of mercury exposure.
The battery industry finally came good news. Mercury-free button batteries after numerous failures, IBM ThinkPad 240Z battery the new Leader Battery Co., Ltd was finally in 2000, the initial success.
October 3, 2002, the new Leader for the "mercury-free alkaline button batteries" utility model patents successfully been authorized. In order to avoid patent issues encountered in overseas markets in the first time, the company again sync in the United States, Germany, Britain and other EU countries have applied for a number of the patent.
As a long time in the world coin battery industry has been plagued by excessive mercury content, although many well-known companies before in the field research breakthroughs, but did not succeed. Therefore, the first one to eat crab new Lida was in the hands of the right to speak in this industry. In accordance with the then estimated that if the day of the production budget of only non-Ersanqianwan button cell, then a month's output is 7-10 million. There is also a month's output of more than billion yuan, the new company plans IPO Leader, developed into a million or more large enterprises.
Clearly, this is a huge market. At home and abroad, production is not a new coin battery Lida an enterprise, while facing the new Leader of the invention, apart from the envy of some of our competitors, there is also a trace of worry: because the current New Leader has applied for a patent, it also mean that the only new Leader, or the right to possess the technology to master, then IBM ThinkPad A30 battery in accordance with regulations, and other competitors can only stay away from this piece of a broad market. In order to obtain this piece of the market, individual infringer, drilling the legal loophole, the use of patent reexamination system, make the patent invalid request, would like to eat the inventor of the patent free of charge.
New Leader on the market soon found a large number of simulated mercury-free button batteries, and took away a lot of customers. Even stranger things yet to come. On the new Elite has not taken measures to safeguard their own legitimate rights, infringing enterprises blame to the national patent for a new Committee on Lida patent invalid request.
Request to annul the new Leader of patents a company in Guangdong. Cylindrical type batteries that since as early as 90 years in China had realized the mercury-free technology, the new Leader of the button cell shape change though, but the principle has not changed is the battery able to think of the field of technical staff in general and to do technology. The new Leader of the patent is obviously not creative. An application declared the patent invalid.
In order to give in is the new Leader in 2003, IBM ThinkPad A31 battery in March, infringing the company's head has engaged the person in charge to meet the new Leader. Stress required to share the patent with the new Leader, otherwise the application for a patent invalid, to become public knowledge technology, which means that any one company can be involved in this market. "Your patent is an antique vase, this is very valuable antiques, you cooperate with me, free me half of the value of the antiques are still, you still have half, but if co-owned with my, I have the ability to play this antique broken, it is not worth a penny. "
Each other's unreasonable demands and threats of new Lida was immediately refused, as the new Leader firmly believed that his inventions will be patent law should be protected.
However, the result was unexpected. In May 2004, the State Intellectual Property Office, the Patent Reexamination Board with a new patented product Lida button cell structure and has no substantive difference between the structure and its mercury-free alkaline manganese battery technology and cylindrical similar as the basis, so out a declaration of "mercury-free IBM ThinkPad 600 battery alkaline button-shaped batteries" utility model patent is invalid decision.
The outcome, the new Leader's dissatisfied, then to the Beijing Municipal No. 1 Intermediate People's Court proceedings, the Patent Reexamination Board to court. However, the Court of First Instance is still admissible criterion of the Patent Reexamination Board made a decision to maintain the patent invalid. Then again stress patent infringer of people have signed an exclusive patent license contract for free, such as signed by the infringer also have this patent, can guarantee that the patent valid, do not sign the formal null and void.
Patentee refused, then hit the Beijing High Court lawsuit. After careful trial, December 20, 2005, the Beijing High Court made final: it removes the first-instance ruling and the State Intellectual Property Office of Patent Reexamination Board's decision to maintain the name "mercury-free alkaline button-shaped batteries", Patent No. bits of the utility model patent for the 123,456,722.1 effective.
A dramatic scene appeared, in the High Court of Final Appeal ruling, the infringing party to launch a second invalid undo the action, but the applicant changed to the secretary of the company's CEOs.
So in the next three years, the new Leader had to repeat the previous process IBM 02K7016 battery until August 22, 2008 the Beijing Municipal Higher People's Court again rejected the Patent Reexamination Board, as well as a Beijing Intermediate People's Court's decision.
China has an old saying called Shibuguosan. However, it appeared to be very persistent opponent. In 2008, the infringing party has repeatedly brought back to the Patent Reexamination Board invalid. Shocking in June this year, the Patent Reexamination Board to determine the third time the patent is invalid. Lida that the new mercury-free technology is the cell area of general and technical personnel in Japan, the technical basis of unsuccessful easy to think of technology, there is no creativity, now the new Leader has been to the Beijing Municipal Intermediate People's Court proceedings.
As a blank to fill in the world, to bring the Gospel to the world of environmental protection, giving Chinese companies opportunities invention, it has experienced eight years of marathon litigation. Year after year, the lawsuit should have not only failed to bring benefits to the inventor, but has become a burden at all times Jiaoren lazy. At the same time, in the endless litigation under the influence of the development of enterprises greatly damage. Due to the adverse effects of litigation, making the market a new image of Lida affected, more than 50% of orders have been infringed away, product prices fell more than 30%, resulting in the profit is very low. The new Leader of the dream do not know when the listing can be achieved. The competitors have a new Leader malicious invalid patents IBM ThinkPad G40 battery obtained in the course a lot of benefits, the business seems to have done in full swing.
In an appearance of legitimacy from the patent is invalid case, we can not help but send questions: Who will protect the rights of the inventor? For this case, some experts believe that market competition is a double-edged sword, bringing vitality to the market at the same time, it also brings risks. Without the constraints of the disorderly competition will not only upset the market, and even the market will bring disaster. And because a number of legal measures, imperfect, leading some people have an opportunity infringement, in order to seek their own selfish desires at the expense of relationships and the use of means of coercion to eat the patentee's patent, really daunting!
Batteries in the industry believe that the Chinese a leading global, the world's major contribution to environmental protection technology is a patent can not be established to make the reasons for invalidation of the three-day decisions, leading to ownership of independent IBM 08K8026 battery innovation of enterprises received only eight years, the patent is invalid Dabu Wan litigation, tort the long-term, unless a large-scale infringement, even more terrifying is the franchise you want to eat, like triad means, so that one would have a bright future development of enterprises, the gradual loss of competitiveness. SIPO Patent Reexamination made by members of the three-day review of the decision null and void, you can act against each other with the Court, but not appropriate departments to monitor, and now there is corruption in society, culture, hope that the Central and the State Council leaders will pay attention to this innovation intellectual property rights have been three-day non-normal conditions IBM ThinkPad T21 battery is invalid, Save China's own innovative enterprises.

The growth in the battery industry in October before the overall industry forecast

Yesterday, the China Electronic Components Industry Association's official website released in 2009 from January to October in China battery Laptop Battery industry's revenue situation, notice that:
2009 from January to October, China's battery industry's accumulated industrial sales output value increased by 0.65%; cumulative production and marketing rate of 96.38%.

2009 from January to October, China's battery industry's accumulated industrial sales output value increased by 0.65%; cumulative production and marketing rate of 96.38%. Accumulated export delivery value fell 12.50 percent, a decline of more than 0.05 percentage points from January to September narrowed. October month, the battery industry, the completion of industrial sales output value increased by 7.18%.

From January to October, IBM Laptop Battery production of lead-acid batteries accumulated year on year increase of 17.8% over the January-September increased by 1.2 percentage points; alkaline batteries cumulative production fell 20.6% over the January-September narrowed 1.1 percentage points; primary cells accumulated production fell 8.8%, a decline from January to September compared with narrowed 0.9 percentage points.

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As can be seen from the data, the first ten months China's battery industry sales volume increased year on year, which for the suffering of the international financial crisis of the electronics industry is undoubtedly a good news. However, as the financial crisis and other aspects, a lot of battery companies in China still faces a loss of extended closure of converting the other challenges, China's battery companies still need to increase efforts to inner strength, to maintain growth, looking for their own development in line with company strategies and IBM ThinkPad R32 Battery markets.

1, the battery industry trends

The advancement of technology and increasing demand for downstream applications, driven by the battery industry will arise in the development of three major trends:

Trend 1: the traditional lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries in the civilian areas will be gradually replace the traditional lead-acid batteries are bulky, energy efficiency is low, and pollution is serious, its market demand is declining year after year; due to cadmium is toxic in many developed countries has proposed to prohibit the use of nickel-cadmium batteries. Conventional batteries in civilian areas will be gradually replaced.

Trend 2: Ni-MH battery and the rapid development of IBM 02K6928 Battery lithium-ion battery

Lithium-ion batteries with large capacity, long cycle life, no memory, etc., in the high-end consumer products such as electronic communication area of small and medium-power battery has made considerable progress, has become the world's first choice for consumer electronics products, the battery. Especially in mobile communication devices (such as mobile phones), portable electronic devices (such as notebook computers) in areas such as lithium battery consumption is growing rapidly.

Compared with the lithium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries with a high-power technology is mature, safety and reliability, high cycle efficiency and low cost advantages. Nickel-metal hydride batteries in the field of industrial batteries, especially in the field of high-power industrial battery power is gradually occupy dominant market IBM 02K7054 Battery position.

Trend 3: solar photovoltaic cells to flourish

Solar photovoltaic cells solar energy directly into electrical energy, with environmental protection, resource endless and so on. In particular, the use of solar photovoltaic power generation system is in vigorous period of development in the next few years, solar cell industry will maintain rapid growth.

Second, the fuel cell is the future direction of development

Fuel cells will be the following water, fire, nuclear energy after the 4th generation of internal combustion engines for power generation and alternative power plant. Fuel cells as energy use of new technologies, with efficient, clean, etc., has become the world's energy field of the development of hot spots.

Fuel cell is divided into phosphoric acid fuel cell, alkaline fuel cells, proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cell and regenerative fuel cells, different types, different characteristics, uses are not the the same. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell represents the latest progress of the fuel cell, its thermal efficiency as IBM ThinkPad A20 Battery high as 45% ~ 65% efficient internal combustion engine than the general 20% to 30%, so the battery of such great potential in automotive applications.

Fuel cells a wide range of applications, can be used in mobile phone or home appliances, but also can be used in transportation. Including Japan, the United States, the European Union and other countries, are developing pollution-free fuel cell cars.

Fuel cell electric vehicle technology is already quite mature, and whether commercialization is the key to consumer acceptance, that is, the use of performance, life, price and fuel around the system, the need to make consumers satisfied. At present fuel cells, IBM ThinkPad A20M Battery related materials, system components, vehicle manufacturers and fuel supply companies, are working together to solve these problems, but also need government support, incentives and subsidies, in order to gradually create the initial market.

The United States, Japan and Europe already in the government's support, with national fuel cell related industry vendors have set up Fuel Cell Partnership to carry out fuel cell electric vehicle education and promotion work. Government departments in these countries are also active in providing incentives such as subsidies and tax reduction measures, and facilitate the establishment of the initial fuel around the system. My Government is the promotion of fuel cell technology is also spared no effort, hoping to accelerate the practical application to promote their products.

Suppose in 2009 China produced only 5 million electric bicycles, but as long as 1% of the new electric bike using a fuel cell, then it will become the world's largest potential in IBM ThinkPad A21M Battery the emerging fuel cell market

Breakthrough in battery technology is difficult stumbling block to the development of smart phones

Smart phones are becoming more intense competition Laptop Battery in the market. As previously we have reported a growing number of smart phone operating system in their efforts to expand its market share, while the manufacturers are also working to improve their market share in smart phones. A growing number of smart phones available, and their more powerful, more and more high profile, all have shown that smart phone market is growing rapidly.

Nokia's latest smart phone N900

However, the smart phone does not develop in a smooth sailing. Despite the rapid development of science and technology, more and more application of new IBM 08K8198 Battery technologies to the mobile space has been greatly improved user experience, but there are still some bottlenecks in the mobile phone technology. Battery technology is one of the most important aspect.
Warning: battery low!

Compared with ordinary mobile phones, smart phones tend to have higher than normal cell phone hardware configuration, but with more features smart phones have a greater frequency of use. This means that the smart phone's power consumption is correspondingly greater. With the large IBM 08K8197 Battery IBM ThinkPad R32 Batterysize of the touch screen to become mainstream, more and more Internet-based applications, smart phones also continue to increase electricity consumption trend.

Defects in the cell phone battery technology will be more obvious after 2010,

Inconsistent with this development is the cell phone battery technology has not made any major breakthrough. The current smart phone battery capacity and a few years ago to enhance the range is rather limited, their life is difficult to satisfaction of users. According to the author knowledge, there are many smart phone users need to charge the battery IBM 92P1075 Battery every day.

Nokia Research Center Henry Tirri said in an interview in the near future, we must go through several years, breakthroughs in related technologies, the smart phone's battery life is possible to achieve "good" level. Henry Tirri that, smart mobile phone batteries "good" level refers to the ability to use a single charge of IBM ThinkPad R40 Battery about a week, but now many high-end large-screen smart machine less than eight hours of continuous use.

Mercury-free button batteries global leader in China's first In June 2009, a news aroused our attention: Sony Corporation announced Laptop Battery the six models of mercury-free alkaline button batteries (LR) of the commercialization plan, which means that Sony's mercury-free button batteries will be fully the market.

In fact, as early as eight years ago, China's New Leader Battery Co., Ltd battery business had been a breakthrough ahead of other countries that plagued the world's problems, and was the first conducted a large-scale production.

Mercury batteries inside has a great harm to humanity, because the battery inside the mercury on the brain and nervous system toxin significantly IBM Laptop Battery interfere with the normal work of nerves, fetal or infant exposure to high doses of mercury can cause mental retardation, cerebral palsy, hearing impairment, or vision loss and so on. Even exposure to low doses of mercury, may also affect children's healthy development, it may allow them to generate attention, action coordination, language skills, visual-spatial, and text memory problems. For adults, chronic mercury poisoning can lead to memory decline, seizures, vision loss, and the hands, feet mean paralysis, as well as fertility and the pernicious effects of blood pressure. Increasing evidence also shows that mercury exposure may increase heart disease.

And because the battery of a high frequency of use IBM 92P1089 Battery and universality, making the threat of mercury-containing batteries become more prominent. It is reported that a New Zealand-style micro-mercury alkaline batteries can be contaminated water is 600,000 liters, equivalent to the amount of drinking water a person's life.

In other countries, more than a decade in Japan and the United States, Europe and other well-known battery manufacturers of mercury-free button cell mercury-free overtaken by a large number of studies. However, there are technical problems are not resolved, there is no one company can successfully produce mercury-free alkaline button batteries, resulting in the global market has been the use of mercury-containing alkaline button batteries. Button cell 1 billion each year by the production and use, so that China and the rest of the world people are still faced with the danger of IBM 92P1087 Battery mercury exposure.

While all research work to a standstill, when this problem by the new company's break-qing Li Dade. In this regard, China Battery Industry Association and the American environmental groups have given a high degree of recognition and evaluation, considered to be the cause of the world's great contribution to environmental protection. With the invention of this technology, China has become the world's first mercury-free button batteries cracking problems of the country.

It is understood that the reasons for mercury button batteries, mercury is used to block the battery anode zinc cream with pieces of metal anode contact, because such contacts will produce hydrogen gas, leading to cell swelling deformation, leakage or even explosion. Early mercury button cell battery leakage problem also exists, which is affecting performance, battery life and the use of the most fatal flaw, but as early as the late 70s of last century, mercury-containing button battery DELL 08K8194 Battery leakage problems, they have been passed to the original usage of "Punch made with thin steel plate and then nickel-plated or gold," the negative cover, replaced by a "from nickel, stainless steel, copper composite rolling made the 'composite metal band,'" made negative cover, and other related improvement measures to be effectively controlled.

The purpose of this patented invention, is to maintain the original mercury (ie mercury) button batteries of anti-leakage performance of the same, based on mercury-free button batteries.

The patent on October 19, 2001 by the State Intellectual Property Office to the patent application, and in October 2, 2002 announcement was authorized by the patent No. 01,234,722.1.

With the mercury-containing button cell battery usage and the growing volume of waste, waste batteries, mercury pollution of the environment becoming IBM 08K8196 Battery increasingly serious. Thus, out of need for environmental protection, button cell battery manufacturing industry has been eager to resolve the battery in the mercury problem. In this patent application, Sony, Toshiba, Hitachi, Panasonic, Seiko, etc. at the button battery R & D and manufacture of industry-leading position among the Japanese companies, are mercury-free button batteries to resolve the issue for a variety of attempts and efforts to put forward all kinds of technology solutions. All of these technical programs are committed to address the mercury-free leakage caused by the new problem, but has failed to effectively meet the mercury-free technology and anti-leakage effect of both. Therefore, this patent application until a few days ago, button cell battery manufacturing industries can in fact have not effectively address both mercury-free and also the technology of anti-leakage problem, and thus mercury-free button batteries have yet to really realize the IBM 92P1102 Battery industrialization and market access.

This patent research and development through the use of unconventional ideas, successfully resolved the distress button battery manufacturing industry for many years technical problems. Before the date of this patent application, all address the issue of mercury-free technology to improve the program, are in the existing technology base in order to mitigate the negative climbing (ie, leakage) speed commonly used by nickel - stainless steel - made of copper to suppress three-layer composite plate made of metal anode cap based on an improved, all of which improve the programs do not relate to the negative laminate cover any change in the structure itself, even in the knowledge that negative covered laminate structure forming the dislocation occurs and thus damage the coating used in its IBM 92P1077 Battery suppression of hydrogen produced by indium or tin plating and cause the battery case of the inflatable and the leakage is still only proposed many other complex "plugging" program, but did not give any regard to the availability covered by changing the negative laminate structure to solve this problem the technical inspiration.

And this patent is another way, its R & D and set aside the idea of super-normal manner by the existing technology made of three layers of metal composite plate anode covered with a laminate structure, but directly by the metal plates or sheet made of stainless steel anode on-chip "in gold, silver, copper, tin, indium and other tests and found that the negative on-chip indium or tin-plated success in controlling the battery anode zinc cream in contact with the anode film produced gas, together with the improvement of raw materials and formulations on the success of to produced the mercury-free alkaline zinc-manganese, zinc / silver manganese button-type batteries. based on the discovery, the completion of the present IBM 92P1073 Battery utility model. "

In this patent the technical program, in order to better in the negative on-chip indium or tin plating, and the elimination of a single coating of the pinhole prone to problems presented in this patent by iron plates or stainless steel sheet made of negative film naked on-chip first electroplating nickel or copper, made of "has electroless nickel or copper, battery anode film," and then chip in the battery anode indium or tin plating.

The use of the patented technology, the program produced mercury-free button batteries, in 2002, that had been successful in the realization of industrial production, the product of mass entering the market, is purchasing the use of well-known enterprises such as McDonald's, and received praise from environmental groups about the United States, achieved a Sony, Toshiba, Hitachi, Panasonic and other multinational efforts for many years failed to achieve the technical objectives for the protection of ecological environment of mankind has made a strong IBM 08K8199 Battery contribution.